![]() While a delay caused by a dual boot menu would be easy to fix, make sure that all boot start drivers are signed and up-to-date. This phase is mainly impacted by boot start drivers. To run, the OSloader loads the system registry hive and additional drivers that are marked as BOOT_START into memory. Create a backup of your system and data beforehand.ĭuring the OSLoader phase, the Windows loader binary (Winload.exe) loads essential system drivers that are required to read minimal data from the disk and initializes the system to the point where the Windows kernel can begin execution. Read the hardware vendor manuals carefully because misconfigurations and failed updates can cause complete system outages. Order, PXE boot-enabled, Quick/Fast boot (POST check) enabled, AHCI settings, and so on).īe careful changing the BIOS configuration or updating the firmware/UEFI/BIOS versions. In addition check the BIOS configuration (device boot In order to optimize or troubleshoot this early phase in the overall computer startup process, make sure to update the BIOS version and firmware of all hardware components to the latest versions. There is no way to trace this phase using the Windows Performance Toolkit. The BIOS version, the BIOS configuration and the firmware of the computer hardware components can have an impact on the overall boot performance. Bootmgr.exe finds and starts Winload.exe on the Windows boot partition, which begins the OSLoader phase. The POST process ends when the BIOS detects a valid system disk, reads the master boot record (MBR), and startsīootmgr.exe. Windows 7.1 SDK) allows you to investigate most of the boot phases (except for BIOS Initialization and OS Loader).ĭuring the BIOS Initialization phase, the platform firmware identifies and initializes hardware devices, and then runs a power-on self-test (POST). The Windows Performance Toolkit (included in the Windows boot process consists of several phases which are explained in more detail by the picture and supporting text below. ![]() The time required to boot the operating system on a given computer to the point where the user can start working is one of the most important benchmarks for Windows client performance. Hibernate, or OS shutdown processes are not covered in this article.įast OS startup performance is critical for a good user experience. Related problems about resuming from sleep, wake from The goal of this article is to give readers an overview of the Windows boot process so that you can better troubleshoot a slow OS start or slow user logon that is caused by delays in the OS boot process. The reality is that there are a myriad of reasons including hardware performance, network performance, the amount of the workloads added by administrators as well as inefficiencies in Microsoft and ISV applications and OS components. Troubleshooting Slow Operating System Boot Times and Slow User Logons (SBSL)Ī question that Premier Field Engineers often get asked onsite is “Why do our users wait so long for Windows to boot that they sometimes have time to get a cup of coffee?”.Tools for Troubleshooting Slow Boots and Slow Logons (SBSL).Root Causes for Slow Boots and Slow Logons (aka SBSL).Related articles describing known issues and tools to troubleshoot slow boots and user logons ![]() This article about the Windows boot process is part of a continuing series on OS boot and user logon delays on Windows computers joined to Active Directory domains. Written by Claus Witjes and Arne Stremlau Introduction
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![]() The portal tower is mostly used for a single circuit.Īlso known as pi-poles due to their resemblance to the Greek letter pi ( π).ĭesigns like the h-frame tower, but having cross-beams at two or three levels.Ī guyed version of the h-frame tower supported by guy wires, common in e.g. The cross-beam extends beyond the vertical structures such that not all conductors are located between the vertical structures. It is suitable for carrying a second lower voltage circuit on a crossbeam below the joint.Ī tower type having two (or more) separate pylons or poles connected by a beam to which the 60 kV conductors are attached. The middle conductor is supported directly by the top structures.Ī variation of the y-frame tower having two legs. Similar to delta tower but there is no horizontal cross-beam between the two top structures. It is mostly used for a single circuit.ĭelta tower having two or three cross-beams. All 150 kV conductors are attached to the cross-beam. These tall towers may carry four or more circuits.Ī y-shaped tower having a horizontal cross-beam between the two top structures. Similar tag values may be used for other designs having an additional lower level.Ī tower having cross-arms at four or more levels. ![]() This tag better describes the design than just using "three-level". This tower type is usually used as an angle tower.Ī three-level combination tower effectively being a Donau tower having an additional lower level, often used for circuits of a lower voltage than those at the upper levels. The tower typically has no or only rudimentary crossarms. It has cross-arms at three levels providing a triangular arrangement of the conductors.Ī sub-type of the asymmetric tower. It is characterized by the middle level cross-arms being longer than the upper and lower cross-arms giving the conductor arrangement a barrel-like shape.Ī two- or three-level tower carrying only one circuit and having the conductors arranged in an asymmetrical layout.Ī sub-type of the asymmetric tower. ![]() The "Donaumast" is widely used in central Europe.Ī tower having cross-arms at three levels.Ī common sub-type of the three-level tower. It is characterized by having one conductor on each side at the upper level and two conductors at each side on the lower level. See examples with suggested values below.Ī tower having cross-arms at a single level only supporting a 110 kV line.Ī tower having cross-arms at two levels supporting a 150 kV line.Ī common sub-type of the two-level tower supporting 400kV line in Denmark. Cross-arms which only serve as support for earth wires should not be considered. The main parameters are the number and positions of cross-arms. This tag describes the design of the tower. The name of the company that build the tower. Particular arrangements of line bundles supported by the tower The colour(s) of a painted tower e.g., colour=red/white for tower painted red and white to make it better visible to pilots.Īny particular topology pattern occurring around the support for supported lines. The height in meter of the tower if known. The reference of the tower as seen on ground. The name of the company operating the pole (the one who comes after storms to make some repair for instance). For wooden or concrete towers the default is solid. For steel towers (or if no material tag is specified) the default value is lattice. This tag describes the construction type of a tower. The material of which the tower is mainly composed. You can add additional information about the tower using the following tagging scheme. To mark towers where the line is connected to an underground cable use line_management= transition and/or location:transition= yes. ![]() The power= line or lines which are supported by the tower should share the same node. You can add a ref=* as well if the tower has a number. Add a node at the centre of the tower and add the power= tower tag. |
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